Bandhani, also known as Bandhej or Bandhni, is a traditional tie-dye textile art form that originated in the Indian subcontinent, particularly in the regions of Gujarat and Rajasthan. The word "Bandhani" is derived from the Sanskrit word "bandha," which means to tie.

Bandhani involves the tying of small portions of fabric with thread or tiny knots before dyeing to create intricate and vibrant patterns. The fabric is tightly bound at various points using fingers, wooden blocks, or metal objects to create the desired design. Once the fabric is tied, it is immersed in dyes, and the tied areas resist the color, creating a patterned effect.

The main characteristic of Bandhani is its distinctive dot or speckle-like pattern, which is created by tying small sections of the fabric with thread before dyeing. The tied portions remain undyed, resulting in clusters of dots or circular shapes. The fabric is typically dyed in multiple colors to achieve a vibrant and eye-catching effect.

The art of Bandhani requires great skill and precision, as the artisans must carefully tie the fabric to achieve the desired pattern. Traditional Bandhani designs include motifs such as dots, circles, waves, and stripes, among others. These designs can vary in complexity, from simple and symmetrical patterns to more intricate and elaborate arrangements.

Bandhani fabrics are commonly used in traditional Indian clothing, such as sarees, dupattas (scarves), and turbans. They are also used to create other garments like dresses, blouses, and skirts. Bandhani textiles are known for their bright colors, intricate patterns, and rich cultural heritage.

Bandhani is not limited to India and can also be found in other regions of South Asia, such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan, each with its own variations and styles. The art of Bandhani has gained international recognition and is appreciated for its craftsmanship and unique visual appeal.

Today, Bandhani continues to be a popular textile art form, cherished for its traditional beauty and cultural significance. It represents the skill and creativity of artisans who have mastered the technique over generations, preserving a vibrant and colorful tradition.